What Conditions Can Worsen Dementia?

Conditions that can worsen dementia include delirium, stroke and brain injury. Most types of dementia naturally get worse over time, but a sudden drastic change in symptoms can alert a dementia caregiver to an underlying condition that may need treatment.

Tens of millions of people worldwide live with dementia, a general term referring to a range of neurological disorders that affect memory, cognitive function, personality and behavior. The most common example of dementia is Alzheimer’s Disease. Some causes of dementia are reversible, but most dementia types are progressive and worsen over time. However, when dementia symptoms suddenly increase in severity, it may point to a serious medical problem. If your loved one’s dementia becomes unexpectedly worse, you should speak to their doctor.

• Head injuries can cause memory loss, poor concentration, mood swings and behavioral changes, which may overlap with and intensify existing dementia symptoms. If a senior with dementia suddenly displays aggravated symptoms, especially after a fall, they should see a doctor.
• Various medical conditions, including dehydration and  urinary tract infection, may cause delirium, a condition with symptoms similar to those of dementia. Delirium is usually temporary, lasting hours to weeks. However, in severe cases, it speeds up cognitive decline, increasing long-term support needs.
• A stroke happens when blood vessels in or around the brain rupture or when a blockage restricts blood flow to the brain. In addition to experiencing paralysis or loss of sensation in part of the body, stroke survivors may also experience cognitive decline and changes in personality and behavior. As with head injuries, these symptoms may overlap with and intensify existing dementia symptoms.

Sundowning refers to symptoms that become more intense at a specific time of day, most often late afternoon and early evening. It’s common in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia, often making your loved one’s dementia seem more severe.

Symptoms of Sundowning:

• Increased activity and restlessness
• Confusion
• Aggression
• Agitation
• Anxiety
• Hallucinations

Contributing Factors:

• Low lighting and increased shadows as the sun sets
• Exhaustion
• Hunger or thirst
• Sleep disturbances
• Certain medications

Try to reduce sundowning by following a predictable routine, encouraging time outside in the sunlight and keeping evenings calm and relaxed.