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What Are the 4 R's of Dementia?
Date Updated: January 13, 2025
Written by:
Missy Nolan is passionate about helping others improve their physical and mental health. Before focusing on her writing career, Missy worked as a chiropractic assistant and dementia caretaker. She has 15 years of experience writing articles about health, wellness, and nutrition. As a medical editor and fact-checker, Missy also enjoys reviewing wellness-related articles for accuracy.
Reviewed by:
Dr. Brindusa Vanta is a health care professional, researcher, and an experienced medical writer (2000+ articles published online and several medical ebooks). She received her MD degree from “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine, Romania, and her HD diploma from OCHM – Toronto, Canada.
The 4 R's of dementia refer to Reassure, Reconsider, Redirect and Relax, although some experts list the 4 R's as Reassure, Routine, Reminisce and Redirect. The 4R framework encourages a compassionate approach toward managing dementia-related concerns. When triggers or behaviors arise, caregivers can practice the 4R method. This may help diffuse the situation and help your loved one feel safe. Learn more about why the 4R method works and how caregivers can apply it.
1. Reassure Your Loved One
Confusion and anxiety can trigger outbursts or other unwanted behaviors. When this happens, reassure your loved one that they are not in danger. Try phrases like, "You are safe" and "We are at home together." These comments help reassure loved ones that they are in a familiar environment with someone they trust.
2. Reconsider the Situation
Reconsider how you approach the situation and how your loved one perceives it. Normal events may seem strange or unfamiliar to someone with dementia. You may know the home health aide arrives every morning after breakfast, but someone with dementia may view this person as an intruder. Considering your loved one's perspective can help you handle triggers effectively.
3. Redirect Your Loved One
Saying "stop doing that" may not work for a loved one with dementia. They may become combative or ignore your request. Keep the peace by practicing redirection when behaviors arise. Turn on the television, bring out craft supplies or play music for redirection.
4. Relax and Stay Calm
People with dementia may not remember your name or job title at times, but they can generally tell when you are frustrated or stressed. Relax as much as possible, as your mood can affect your loved one's behavior. Take a deep breath when you feel yourself getting upset and then speak as calmly as possible. Unclench your fists, and pay attention to your body language.