A Guide to Choosing the Best Electric Wheelchair for You
There are approximately 2.7 million wheelchair users in the United States, and electric wheelchairs are gaining popularity among those who require a wheeled mobility device. Unlike a standard manual wheelchair, electric wheelchairs are propelled by an onboard motor powered by rechargeable batteries.
An electric wheelchair can be a good option for those with limited upper body strength and function, individuals who fatigue easily and anyone who wants a powered mobility device to help them retain their independence.
In this guide, you’ll learn what options and features are available on electric wheelchairs and what you should consider when choosing your own device.
What To Consider When Choosing the Best Electric Wheelchair
Also called power chairs, electric wheelchairs come in a wide range of sizes and styles.
Here are some things to consider when choosing the best electric wheelchair for your needs:
- Will you be using the chair on a full-time, part-time or occasional basis?
- Do you need an electric chair that can be folded or disassembled for transport in a passenger vehicle or airplane?
- Where do you plan on using your electric wheelchair?
- What’s the maximum width of chair that will fit in your home?
- How much do you weigh?
- Do you have insurance coverage for your device, or will you be paying out of pocket?
Electric Wheelchair Types
Electric wheelchairs come in three basic types: portable, full-sized and heavy-duty. Each type is designed to meet the needs of different users.
Portable Electric Wheelchairs
Portable, or foldable, electric wheelchairs are designed to deliver a combination of versatility, convenience and ease of use. Starting at just 40 pounds, these devices can be loaded and unloaded into most passenger vehicles without the use of a lift or ramps, making this style of power chair ideal for travel. As with their full-sized counterparts, portable power chairs usually come with a joystick-style controller and onboard rechargeable batteries.
Due to their smaller size, portable power chairs tend to have a limited range compared to larger units, and this style of chair really isn’t suitable for rough terrain. Additionally, the weight limits tend to be relatively low, and many users report that the seating can be uncomfortable when used for prolonged periods.
Full-Sized Electric Wheelchairs
Full-sized electric wheelchairs offer a good combination of comfort, range and ease of use. This type of chair can travel up to 20 miles between charges, depending on the user and the model, and weight capacities range from 250 to 450 pounds. Most full-sized electric wheelchairs are front-wheel drive, but some models have both rear-wheel and all-wheel drive.
Because full-sized power chairs can travel a significant distance between charges, the batteries are relatively heavy. This style of chair also comes equipped with a comfortable seat with armrests that users can customize, and the joystick control can be mounted on either the right or left armrest. Dimensions vary based on the model, and narrow-base models measuring just 22 inches wide are readily available.
Although some standard power chairs can be disassembled for transport, these devices aren’t designed to be taken apart on a regular basis. In order to transport a full-sized electric wheelchair, you need either a lift or ramp-equipped vehicle that’s large enough to accommodate the device.
Heavy-Duty Electric Wheelchairs
Heavy-duty electric wheelchairs are designed for users who require a device with a high weight capacity, extended range and exceptional stability. While the specifications vary between models, most heavy-duty power chairs feature large drive tires, enhanced suspension, customizable seating and front and rear castors. This style can often traverse uneven terrain, making it ideal for full-time use in urban environments.
Due to the larger batteries, motor and seat, this type of power chair usually weighs 225 pounds or more and often has a weight capacity of 400 pounds or greater. Top speeds can reach up to 5 miles per hour, depending on the model and user’s weight, and most heavy-duty power chairs have a driving range of 20 miles or more.
Standing Electric Wheelchairs
A standing wheelchair is a special type of electric wheelchair that enables users to rise to a standing position with the assistance of a power lift. This style of electric wheelchair may be useful for those who want to transfer in and out of their device without help from a caregiver or reach light switches, cabinets and surfaces that can’t be accessed from a seated position. Stand-up power chairs can also be useful for individuals with specific medical conditions, such as spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis and spina bifida.
Special Features of Electric Wheelchairs
A number of special features and options are available on electric wheelchairs, including:
- Power reclining seats
- Power leg rests
- Flat-free tires
- LED lights
- USB charging port
- Cell phone holder
- Powered seat elevator
- Smartphone apps
Comparing Electric Wheelchairs With Other Mobility Devices
First-time electric wheelchair buyers often want to weigh the pros and cons of an electric chair over a manual wheelchair or mobility scooter. This chart compares the various features of these choices.
Electric Wheelchair
Manual Wheelchair
Mobility Scooter
Cost
$1,500–$15,000
$200 and up
$1,000 and up
Weight
41–250 pounds
15–60 pounds
75–400 pounds
Power
Rechargeable onboard batteries
Manually powered by user or an attendant
Rechargeable onboard batteries
Maintenance
Requires regular servicing by a technician
Minimal maintenance needed
Requires regular servicing by a technician
Water-resistance
Electronic controls must be kept dry unless otherwise specified by manufacturer
No electronics, so can get wet, but may lead to premature wear
Tiler must not be exposed to moisture
Turning radius
Tight turning radius
Tight turning radius
Relatively large turning radius
Transporting device
Except for folding models, must be loaded into vehicle using a ramp or lift
Many manual wheelchairs are foldable and can easily fit in cargo area of most passenger vehicles
Except for travel models, must be loaded into vehicle using a lift or ramp
Used vs. New Electric Wheelchairs
Given the high up-front cost of an electric wheelchair, some consumers may consider purchasing a used device through a medical equipment reseller or a private seller. Starting out with a used electric wheelchair can be a good option for anyone who can’t afford a new chair or is unsure whether an electric wheelchair is the best solution for their mobility needs.
As with any pre-owned powered device, the cost savings can be substantial compared to the price of a new wheelchair, but there are risks involved. Used electric wheelchairs could require expensive repairs, and they rarely come with any sort of warranty.
New
Used
Cost
$1,500–$15,000
$0 upwards
Covered Under Insurance
Yes, on some plans for eligible beneficiaries
No
Warranty
Yes (varies with each manufacturer)
No, although some medical equipment vendors may offer private warranties on used power chairs
Fitting
Provided by the prescriber and generally covered under insurance
Buyer is responsible for ensuring proper fit
Returns
Some vendors offer free trial periods on new devices
No, unless negotiated with the seller
Batteries
New electric wheelchairs come with new batteries
Batteries are generally used and may not hold a full charge
Replacement
Many medical equipment companies offer loaner devices while customer equipment is being repaired or serviced
No
Electric Wheelchair FAQs
Yes. Up to 80% of the price of powered mobility devices such as electric wheelchairs are covered under Medicare Part B. To qualify for an electric wheelchair through Medicare’s Wheelchair and Benefit, you must:
• Have a written order from your physician confirming that you need an electric wheelchair for your home.
• Be unable to safely perform activities of daily living with the use of a non-motorized mobility device, such as a manual wheelchair, walker or cane.
• Be able to safely operate an electric wheelchair.
• Live in a home that can accommodate an electric wheelchair.
Yes. If you have VA health care benefits and the VA determines that you’re eligible for a powered mobility device, your electric wheelchair will be covered by your VA benefits. It can take anywhere from 3 to 6 months from the time you start the VA’s evaluation process to receive your mobility device.
Electric wheelchairs are not classified as motor vehicles, so they don’t need to be licensed and insured like a car or motorcycle does. Given the high cost of many electric wheelchairs, you may want to contact your insurance broker about a wheelchair insurance policy. This type of policy usually includes coverage against theft, vandalism and damage to your electric wheelchair caused by fires or floods.
Yes. A number of medical equipment companies have electric wheelchairs available for rent by the day, week or month. While availability varies depending on the location, medical device rentals are available in most major cities throughout North America. Some electric wheelchair users who travel by air prefer to rent a mobility device at their destination rather than have their wheelchair transported by their airline.
Electric wheelchairs come in a variety of sizes, and seats for adult users are available in widths ranging from 16–24 inches. Mid-wheel drive power chairs have the smallest turning radius, followed by front-wheel drive devices. In the United States, the standard width of a residential entry door is 36 inches, while interior door widths should be no less than 32 inches wide. It’s important to verify the measurements of all interior and exterior doors before purchasing an electric wheelchair, as door sizes can vary, especially in older homes.