Other possible causes of dementia

Page 9 of Non-Alzheimer's Causes of Dementia

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Rarely, certain conditions cause dementia that is partially or completely reversible. These include:

  • A brain tumor
  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus (an irregular accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain). This type of hydrocephalus usually affects people over 65.
  • A head injury that causes hydrocephalus or a subdural hematoma, which is an accumulation of blood underneath the brain's covering
  • A thyroid or other metabolic or endocrine disorder

How they're diagnosed and treated: Tumors, hydrocephalus, and subdural hematomas can be identified through a medical history and a brain scan. Thyroid or other endocrine or metabolic disorders can be identified through laboratory tests of the blood and urine. About 1 in 10 dementia cases have an unknown cause.

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